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Table 5 Resistance and biochemical characteristics of L. ruminis

From: Lactobacillus ruminis strains cluster according to their mammalian gut source

Test

Conc./Variable

Human

Bovine

Porcine

Equine

L5

S21

S23

S36

S38

25644

27780

27781

27782

DPC 6830

DPC 6831

DPC 6832

DPC 6833

DPC 6834

DPC 6835

DPC 6836

Resistance assays

Bile Salt exposure

0.25%

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

0.50%

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

0.75%

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

1%

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

+

2%

-

-

-

+

+

+

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

+

-

-

5%

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

pH resistance

5.5

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

4.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

Chloramphenicol sensitivity

≥4 μg/ml

S

S

S

S

R

R

S

S

R

R

S

S

R

R

S

R

Rifampicin sensitivity

≥1 μg/ml

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Simulated gastric juice

Survival (%)

54

53

86

36

60

63

44

50

45

66

67

78

85

82

71

83

Biochemical assays

OPNG (β-galactosidase)

 

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

API-ZYM

Leucine arylamidase (EC. 3.4.11.1)

++

++

++

+

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

 

Valine arylamidase

++

++

++

+

++

++

++

++

+

++

++

+/−

+

++

++

++

 

Cystine arylamidase (EC. 3.4.11.3)

+

+/−

+/−

-

+/−

+

+

+/−

-

-

+/−

-

-

-

+/−

-

 

Acid phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.2)

+/−

+/−

+

+/−

+/−

+/−

++

+

+/−

+

+

++

+

+

+/−

++

 

Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase

+

+

+

+

+/−

+/−

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

 

α-galactosidase (EC. 3.2.1.22)

+

+

+

+/−

+/−

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

+

+/−

+/−

+

 

β-galactosidase (EC. 3.2.1.23)

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

++

-

++

++

-

-

-

-

-

 

β-glucuronidase (EC. 3.2.1.31)

+/−

-

-

+/−

-

+/−

-

+/−

+/−

-

+/−

-

-

-

-

-

 

α-glucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.20)

+/−

-

-

-

-

+

+/−

+/−

+

++

+

+

-

-

-

+

 

β-glucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.21)

+/−

+

+

+/−

+/−

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

+/−

-

-

-

 

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (EC. 3.2.1.52)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

α-mannosidase (EC. 3.2.1.24)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

α-fucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.51)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

α-chymotrypsin (EC. 3.4.21.1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Trypsin (EC. 3.4.21.4)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Alkaline phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Esterase (C4)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Esterase lipase (C8)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Lipase (C14)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

EPS production

Glucose-MRS

+

+

-

+

-

+

+

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

 

Sucrose-MRS

+

+

-

+

-

-

+

+

-

+

+

+

-

+

+

-

 

Lactose-MRS

+

+

-

+

-

-

+

+

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

  1. ++ strongly positive; + positive; − negative; +/− weak; S susceptible; R resistant.