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Table 1 Phenotypic characteristics of hyper-ammonia-producing bacterial isolates* obtained from Nellore steers

From: Biochemical and genetic diversity of carbohydrate-fermenting and obligate amino acid-fermenting hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria from Nellore steers fed tropical forages and supplemented with casein

Isolate ID**

Cell shape/gram staining

Enrich. 1

Cultural characteristics

Mot. 2

Spore

Maximum OD 3

SAD 4

NH 3 5

C11

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

White/small colony6

+

-

0.631 ± 0.025

114.85 ± 3.14

34.30 ± 1.88

C33

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

White/large colony8

+

+

0.820 ± 0.091

129.46 ± 2.87

37.25 ± 3.67

C34

Rod-shaped. Gram -

15

Translucent/small colony

-

-

0.776 ± 0.052

112.69 ± 1.23

34.44 ± 1.15

C37

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

White/small colony

+

+

0.681 ± 0.001

101.25 ± 4.57

33.29 ± 3.47

C47

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

White/small colony

-

+

0.575 ± 0.037

146.47 ± 2.51

34.87 ± 0.46

C48

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

White/small colony

+

+

0.647 ± 0.071

129.48 ± 2.85

41.29 ± 3.93

C51

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

White/small colony

+

+

0.637 ± 0.016

106.86 ± 1.25

36.21 ± 0.88

C54

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

White/medium colony7

-

+

0.562 ± 0.041

128.01 ± 3.98

28.35 ± 2.01

C89

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent/medium colony

-

+

0.675 ± 0.045

203.27 ± 5.76

33.65 ± 1.83

C114

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/small colony

+

+

0.434 ± 0.039

278.25 ± 4.65

33.90 ± 0.96

C116

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent border and black center/medium colony

-

+

0.332 ± 0.015

286.45 ± 1.32

25.15 ± 5.21

C117

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent border and black center/medium colony

+

+

0.671 ± 0.048

186.98 ± 2.03

39.99 ± 1.69

C118

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent border and black center/medium colony

-

+

0.609 ± 0.092

222.70 ± 3.04

34.15 ± 0.25

C122

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent/large colony

+

-

0.647 ± 0.045

283.41 ± 3.15

35.09 ± 1.98

R15

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent/small colony

+

+

0.601 ± 0.022

143.75 ± 2.53

39.02 ± 2.01

R21

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Yellow/medium colony

+

-

0.577 ± 0.016

469.23 ± 6.76

26.01 ± 3.62

R23

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/medium colony

+

-

0.838 ± 0.093

608.18 ± 7.31

30.88 ± 6.25

R34

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent/small colony

+

+

0.742 ± 0.056

432.04 ± 4.08

44.17 ± 4.82

R36

Rod-shaped. Gram -

15

White/medium colony

-

-

0.561 ± 0.037

298.91 ± 2.29

33.33 ± 1.19

R40

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

White/large colony

+

+

0.594 ± 0.048

180.92 ± 2.97

30.59 ± 2.05

R50

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/medium colony

+

+

0.660 ± 0.008

371.16 ± 4.47

38.01 ± 0.87

R51

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/small colony

-

+

0.662 ± 0.089

207.05 ± 1.64

26.55 ± 3.44

R60

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

White/large colony

-

+

0.406 ± 0.032

475.22 ± 8.91

27.42 ± 7.24

R61

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/medium colony

-

+

0.435 ± 0.015

492.63 ± 6.03

27.42 ± 7.31

R63

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Translucent/large colony

+

+

0.415 ± 0.076

394.92 ± 3.87

25.47 ± 9.97

R90

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Translucent/large colony

+

+

0.612 ± 0.077

345.80 ± 4.69

27.31 ± 3.22

R91

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

Yellow/large colony

+

+

0.535 ± 0.015

332.12 ± 3.36

32.50 ± 5.18

R96

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Yellow/medium colony

-

+

0.421 ± 0.045

381.73 ± 4.05

21.04 ± 6.53

R97

Rod-shaped. Gram +

1.5

Yellow/medium colony

-

+

0.573 ± 0.106

440.90 ± 6.48

21.55 ± 6.25

R107

Rod-shaped. Gram +

15

White/large colony

+

+

0.546 ± 0.080

197.60 ± 3.54

32.32 ± 1.59

  1. *The isolates were cultured in anaerobic mineral medium supplemented with 15 g l−1 trypticase for up to 48 h at 39°C.
  2. **C, isolates obtained from animals not supplemented with casein; R, isolates obtained from animals that received ruminal infusion of casein.
  3. Symbols: (+) present; (−) absent.
  4. 1Concentration of trypticase (g l−1) used in enrichment cultures; 2Motility; 3Maximum optical density (600 nm); 4Specific activity of deamination (nmol NH3 mg protein−1 min−1); 5Ammonia (mmol l−1); 6small colony (≤0.5 mm); 7medium colony (>0.5 ≤1.0 mm); 8large colony (> 1.0 mm).
  5. Values are provided as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean.