Table 1 ExPEC/APEC genes used for virulence and phylogenetic typing

fimH

D-mannose-specific adhesin, type 1 fimbriae

[7]

fimAv _MT78

Fim A variant MT78 of type 1 fimbriae

[7]

pap

Pilus associated with pyelonephritis (P fimbriae)

Pilus assembly; central region of pap operon

[21]

Gal(α 1–4) Gal-specific pilus tip adhesin molecule

rare

Pyelonephritis-associated

Cystitis-associated

[24]

Adhesins

sfa/focDE

Central region of sfa (S fimbriae) and foc (F1C fimbriae) operons

[21]

sfaS

Pilus tip adhesin, S fimbriae (sialic acid-specific)

[7]

focG

Pilus tip molecule, F1C fimbriae (sialic acid-specific)

[7]

afa/draBC

Dr antigen-specific adhesin operons (AFA, Dr, F1845)

[21]

bmaE

Blood group M-specific adhesin

[13]

nfaE

Nonfimbrial adhesin I assembly and transport

[13]

gafD

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific (G, F17c) fimbriae adhesin

[13]

cnf1

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1

[7]

cdtB

Cytolethal distending toxin

[7]

Toxins

sat

Secreted autotransporter toxin

[25]

hlyA

α- hemolysin

[26]

fyuA

Yersinia siderophore receptor (ferric yersiniabactin uptake)

[13]

Siderophores

iutA*

Ferric aerobactin receptor (iron uptake: transport)

[7]

iroN*

Novel catecholate siderophore receptor

[27]

neuC

K1 antigen

[7]

cvaC*

ColV; on plasmids with traT, iss, and antibiotic resistance

[13]

Protectin

iss*

Increased serum survival (outer membrane protein)

[27]

traT*

Surface exclusion, serum survival (outer membrane protein)

[13]

ibeA

Invasion of brain endothelium IbeA

[7]

malX (PAI)

Pathogenicity-associated island marker

[13]

Miscelaneous

usp

Uropathogenic-specific protein (bacteriocin)

[28]

fliCh7

H7 fliC flagellin

[29]

tsh*

Tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin) serine protease

[7]

Phylogenetic typing

chuA

Haem transport gene

[30]

yjaA

Gene of unknown fuction from the E. coli K-12 genome

[30]

TSPE4.C2

Anonymous DNA fragment

[30]