Figure 3From: Enhancing bile tolerance improves survival and persistence of Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus in the murine gastrointestinal tractSurvival of stationary phase Lactococcus lactis (A) and Bifidobacterium breve (B) in 1% porcine bile. pNZ8048-bilE+ (black circles) and pNZ8048-bilE- (white circles). Overnight cultures were inoculated (3%) into GM17 and MRS broth containing 1% porcine bile. Viable cell counts were performed by serial dilution in one-quarter strength Ringer's solution followed by plating onto GM17Cm5 or RCMCm4 respectively. **; P < 0.001 compared with the control. Standard deviations of triplicate results are represented by error bars.Back to article page