Table 1 Frequency of transgene insertion at E. coli attTn7 in the absence of selection. For each experiment shown three independent electrotransformations of pGRG25, which carries the multiple cloning site as the transgene, into strain MG1655 were performed. One single colony from each transformation was streaked out once at 32°C on LB with ampicillin, and then a culture of each colony was grown overnight in LB at 32°C. Appropriate dilutions were then plated on LB at 42°C. Ten colonies from each culture were examined by PCR to determine if they carried an insertion at the attachment site. The values shown are the average frequency from 3 cultures with 10 colonies examined per culture (i.e., a total of 30 colonies examined per experiment). The final value shows a mean average of all 6 experiments and the standard error of the mean (SEM).