Figure 3From: Cytokine responses of bovine macrophages to diverse clinical Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strainsTNFα mRNA expressed by MDM cells exposed to MAP over time was measured by Real time RT PCR and fold change in gene expression relative to β actin was calculated by 2-ΔΔCT method. Mean fold change in gene expression is plotted on Y-axis (note that the Y1-axis scales have been optimized for magnitude of IL-10 expression for each strain). Intracellular bacterial numbers based on the amplification of hsp65 were calculated based on the genome size of MAP and represented as genome equivalents (GE) on second Y-axis. MDMs stimulated with B1018 expressed lower levels of TNFα mRNA relative to other cell stimulations.Back to article page