Figure 3

Effect of antibiotics (250 μg each of gentamicin, penicillin, rifampicin, and streptomycin ml ⁻¹ diet) on mortality of Helicoverpa armigera larvae with LC ₅₀ concentration of Bt -formulation (A), and the toxin proteins Cry1Ab (B) and Cry1Ac (C). LC₅₀ = Effective dose to cause 50% larval mortality. F₁, F₂, and F₃ = Helicoverpa armigera generations exposed to antibiotics.