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Table 2 Comparison between the morphology and morphometry of Sonderia vorax and other similar-sized species of Sonderia according to selected literature data a

From: Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of the ciliate Sonderia voraxwith insights into the systematics of order Plagiopylida

Character

Sonderia pharyngeaKirby, 1934

Sonderia labiataFauré-Fremiet & Tuffrau, 1955

Sonderia sinuataKahl, 1931

Sonderia sinuataBorror, 1972

Sonderia sinuataDragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986

Sonderia sinuataSola et al.,1989

Sonderia sinuataAl-Rasheid, 2001

Sonderia voraxKahl, 1928

Sonderia voraxKhal, 1931

Sonderia voraxpresent study

cell length, μm

84--110 (IV?)

160--180 (IV?)

240--250 (IV?)

145--164

180--240 (IV?)

132--176 (OF)

90--120 (IV?)

60--150 (IV)

70--180 (IV)

~ 100--150 (IV)

cell width, μm

48--65 (IV?)

~60--75c (IV?)

nd

81--113

nd

78.1--105.6 (OF)

82--95 (IV?)

~ 30--75b (IV?)

~ 30--75c (IV?)

~ 50--75 (IV)

differentiation of ventral kinetom

–†

+†

nd

–†

+

–†

+†

+†

+

n of ventro-frontal kineties

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

~ 30

nd

nd

nd

12--18

n of ventro-lateral kineties

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

~ 8†

nd

nd

nd

8--13

n of ventral kineties (total)

nd

35--40

nd

nd

24

~ 38†

nd

nd

nd

20--31

n of dorsal kineties

nd

35--40

nd

nd

20--30

45

nd

nd

nd

25--31

composition of somatic kineties

nd

dk or tk

nd

nd

dk

mk; dk within the vestibular cavity

nd

nd

nd

mk

n and composition of oral kineties

nd

23† prebuccal + 17† postbuccal; nd

nd

nd

nd

30† prebuccal + 20† postbuccal; dk

nd

nd

nd

25-30 prebuccal + 18–20 postbuccal; mk and dk

peristome size : cell size ratio

> 1/2 (IV)

~ 1/2†

~ 1/2

~ 1/2

~ 1/2

~ 1/2

~ 1/2

~ 1/2 †

< 1/2†

~ 1/3

dsb size: cell size ratio

nd

~ 1/2†

1

1

nd

1

nd

nd

nd

+ ~1

ma, length, μm

15--20 (IV)

~ 35† (SI?)

nd

nd

~ 25† (PS)

20.9--33.0 (OF)

25

~ 20†

nd

27 (average)(SI)

ma, width, μm

15--20 (IV)

~ 35† (SI?)

nd

nd

~ 25† (PS)

22.0--30.8 (OF)

25

~ 20†

nd

32.5 (average) (SI)

mi, number

1

nd

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

mi, diameter, μm

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

4--7

nd

nd

~ 5.4 (average)

exI, size, μm

7--9 (IV)

~20 (SI?)

nd

nd

22--26

nd

6--10

nd

~ 20

~ 20 (IV)

exI, amount and distribution

few; sparse and unevenly distributed throughout the cell

many, inserted in the cortex

nd

nd

nd

nd

many, unevenly distributed throughout the cell†

many; inserted closely to surface †

many; inserted closely to surface †

many; inserted in the cortex and sometimes free in the cytoplasm

swimming rotation

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

anticlockwise

habitat (salinity)

hypersaline water (35--100 ‰)

brackish water (1--6 ‰)

brackish water (3--20 ‰)

seawater

brackish water

fresh water

sea water (35--38 ‰)

brackish water (5--20 ‰)

brackish water (5--20 ‰)

brackish water (4--8 ‰)

  1. a, In Kahl [11] 7 species of Sonderia were included; in Carey [76] 8 Sonderia spp. were mentioned, but the majority of them were even more poorly described than those included in this table; b, original indication was “ratio lengh : width 2 : 1”; c, original indication was “ratio lengh : width 2½ : 1”; +, character present; –, character absent; dsb, dorso-laterally striated band; exI, longer type extrusomes; IV, in vivo; ma, macronucleus; mk, monokinetids; mi, micronucleus; n, number; nd, character not mentioned in the reference; †, character derived from pictures/drawings; OF, osmium tetroxide fixation; PS, protargol staining; SI, silver impregnation; tk, trikinetids.