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Figure 1 | BMC Microbiology

Figure 1

From: Identification of the type II cytochrome cmaturation pathway in anammox bacteria by comparative genomics

Figure 1

Maturation System II of c -type cytochrome proteins in anammox bacteria. A: Schematic drawing of the anammox cell and the maturation system machinery depicted on it. The dotted trapezoid is zoomed-in in Figure 2B. 1: cell wall; 2: cytoplasmic membrane; 3: intracytoplasmic membrane; 4: anammoxosome membrane; i: paryphoplasm; ii: riboplasm; iii: anammoxosome; iv: nucleoid; v: ribosome. B: 3D illustration of cytochrome c maturation System II localized within the anammoxosome membrane. Apocytochrome c is translocated to the p-side of the membrane via the Sec pathway. CcsA-CcsB complex, forming the heme channel entry, is tethered within the anammoxosome membrane. Heme is, thus, translocated within the anammoxosome. Concurrently, reducing equivalents from the n-side of the cell are fed to a disulfide bond cascade that proceeds from DsbD to CcsX. The latter, being a dedicated thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, reduces the cysteine residues of apocytochrome c, and eventually spontaneous ligation for the thioether linkages formation between the apoprotein and its cofactor takes place. Green pie depicts apocytochrome c; red triangle depicts heme molecule.

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