|
Concentration (ppm)
|
H. armigera
|
S. litura
|
|---|
|
N*
|
Larval duration (d)
|
Pupicidal (%)
|
N*
|
Pupal duration (d)
|
N*
|
Larval duration (d)
|
Pupicidal (%)
|
N*
|
Pupal duration (d)
|
|---|
|
Polyketide metabolite
|
|
125
|
42
|
10.09 ± 0.44b
|
20.99 ± 4.15b
|
33
|
11.45 ± 0.40b
|
43
|
10.02 ± 0.29a,b
|
18.51 ± 6.33b
|
35
|
10.28 ± 0.22a
|
|
250
|
33
|
10.91 ± 0.35b,c
|
32.58 ± 5.20b,c
|
24
|
12.35 ± 0.46b,c
|
34
|
10.44 ± 0.87b
|
25.06 ± 7.22b
|
25
|
11.53 ± 0.69b
|
|
500
|
24
|
12.55 ± 0.37c
|
42.55 ± 3.47c
|
14
|
13.50 ± 0.70c
|
21
|
11.96 ± 0.45c
|
47.13 ± 10.9c
|
11
|
13.86 ± 0.63c
|
|
1000
|
18
|
13.98 ± 0.51d
|
62.01 ± 11.7d
|
8
|
15.45 ± 1.03d
|
18
|
13.96 ± 0.92c
|
55.06 ± 9.12c
|
8
|
14.4 ± 0.54cd
|
|
Azadirachtin
|
|
125
|
26
|
14.09 ± 0.16e
|
70.45 ± 9.04d
|
8
|
17.95 ± 0.54e
|
23
|
14.56 ± 0.26d,e
|
47.40 ± 7.48c
|
12
|
14.10 ± 0.48c
|
|
250
|
17
|
15.8 ± 0.74f
|
100 ± 00e
| | |
15
|
15.95 ± 0.98e
|
76.08 ± 12.9d
|
4
|
15.24 ± 0.5d
|
|
500
|
0
| | | | | | | | | |
|
1000
|
|
Control
|
48
|
9.08 ± 0.15a
|
0a
|
48
|
9.58a
|
48
| |
8.95 ± 0.49a
|
48
|
11.12 ± 0.39a
|
- Mean ± SD within columns followed by the same letter do not differ significantly using Tukey’s test, P ≤ 0.05. N*: number.
