|
Time
|
Index of diversity
|
Location
|
Mode of delivery
|
|---|
| | | |
Indonesia (n = 19)
|
Singapore (n = 29)
|
Vaginal (n = 32)
|
Caesarean (n = 16)
|
|---|
|
3 month
|
Shannon AluI
|
mean (SD)
|
1.648 (0.658)*
|
1.211 (0.643)*
|
1.350 (0.706)
|
1.452 (0.635)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
1.714 (0.211-2.723)*
|
1.224 (0-2.371)*
|
1.424 (0-2.723)
|
1.415 (0.211-2.647)
|
| |
Simpson AluI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.685 (0.222)
|
0.530 (0.261)
|
0.579 (0.268)
|
0.617 (0.237)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.768 (0.085-0.914)
|
0.568 (0-0.882)
|
0.667 (0.914)
|
0.669 (0.085-0.908)
|
| |
Shannon MspI
|
mean (SD)
|
1.474 (0.647)
|
1.402 (0.503)
|
1.408 (0.544)
|
1.477 (0.605)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
1.412 (0.522-2.801)
|
1.379 (0.228-2.131)
|
1.378 (0.228-2.672)
|
1.508 (0.523-2.801)
|
| |
Simpson MspI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.634 (0.198)
|
0.627 (0.193)
|
0.626 (0.190)
|
0.638 (0.207)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.652 (0.220-0.916)
|
0.692 (0.085-0.851)
|
0.662 (0.085-0.905)
|
0.697 (0.220-0.916)
|
| |
Shannon RsaI
|
mean (SD)
|
1.689 (0.597)
|
1.552 (0.497)
|
1.621 (0.517)
|
1.577 (0.591)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
1.709 (0.339-2.635)
|
1.539 (0.643-2.507)
|
1.664 (0.643-2.514)
|
1.659 (0.339-2.635)
|
| |
Simpson RsaI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.711 (0.185)
|
0.697 (0.177)
|
0.718 (0.159)
|
0.671 (0.214)
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.760 (0.162-0.898)
|
0.737 (0.317-0.979)
|
0.745 (0.384-0.979)
|
0.734 (0.162-0.898)
|
| | | |
Indonesia (n = 29)
|
Singapore (n = 41)
|
Vaginal (n = 46)
|
Caesarean (n = 24)
|
|
1 year
|
Shannon AluI
|
mean (SD)
|
2.102 (0.594)*
|
1.861 (0.423)*
|
2.089 (0.409)*
|
1.715 (0.601)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
2.107 (0.558-2.822)*
|
1.976 (0.803-2.574)*
|
2.089 (0.940-2.822)*
|
1.708 (0.558-2.697)*
|
| |
Simpson AluI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.785 (0.168)
|
0.759 (0.120)
|
0.804 (0.104)*
|
0.704 (0.179)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.837 (0.226-0.925)
|
0.796 (0.434-0.905)
|
0.824 (0.434-0.925)*
|
0.742 (0.226-0.917)*
|
| |
Shannon MspI
|
mean (SD)
|
1.910 (0.753)*
|
1.740 (0.430)*
|
1.992 (0.456)*
|
1.462 (0.658)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
1.929 (0.252-3.199)*
|
1.8 (0.777-2.478)*
|
1.961 (1.137-3.199)*
|
1.473 (0.252-2.919)*
|
| |
Simpson MspI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.744 (0.186)
|
0.747 (0.101)
|
0.795 (0.086)*
|
0.650 (0.175)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.788 (0.160-0.951)
|
0.766 (0.462-0.882)
|
0.806 (0.614-0.951)*
|
0.686 (0.160-0.935)*
|
| |
Shannon RsaI
|
mean (SD)
|
2.026 (0.600)
|
1.965 (0.379)
|
2.148 (0.334)*
|
1.688 (0.572)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
2.020 (0.376-2.890)
|
1.985 (0.874-2.561)
|
2.181 (1.533-2.890)*
|
1.765 (0.376-2.868)*
|
| |
Simpson RsaI
|
mean (SD)
|
0.772 (0.170)
|
0.797 (0.097)
|
0.829 (0.064)*
|
0.706 (0.183)*
|
| | |
median (range)
|
0.806 (0.165-0.925)
|
0.820 (0.459-0.902)
|
0.846 (0.681-0.925)*
|
0.776 (0.165-0.925)*
|
- 16S rRNA gene amplicons from infant fecal sample were digested with three restriction enzymes (AluI, MspI and RsaI).
- *Statistically significant differences were indicated (adjusted p < 0.05). Linear regression for location and mode of delivery were performed with adjustment for confounding factors (Location, mode of delivery, weaning age, sibling number, total breastfeeding up to 6 month, eczema and prenatal antibiotics). Missing data was reported due to lack of availability of DNA samples for certain subjects.
